Homeostasis regulates, among others, the pH, sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations in the ECF. The ECF composition is therefore crucial for their normal functions, and is maintained by a number of homeostatic mechanisms involving negative feedback. The extracellular fluid, in particular the interstitial fluid, constitutes the body's internal environment that bathes all of the cells in the body. The ECF can also be seen as having two components – plasma and lymph as a delivery system, and interstitial fluid for water and solute exchange with the cells. The remaining small portion of the ECF includes the transcellular fluid (about 2.5%). Lymph makes up a small percentage of the interstitial fluid. Plasma and interstitial fluid are the two components that make up at least 97% of the ECF. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells.Įxtracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals, and in those animals with a blood circulatory system, a proportion of this fluid is blood plasma. Extracellular fluid makes up about one-third of body fluid, the remaining two-thirds is intracellular fluid within cells. Total body water in healthy adults is about 50–60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight women and the obese typically have a lower percentage than lean men. In cell biology, extracellular fluid ( ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. Body fluid outside the cells of a multicellular organism The distribution of the total body water in mammals between the intracellular compartment and the extracellular compartment, which is, in turn, subdivided into interstitial fluid and smaller components, such as the blood plasma, the cerebrospinal fluid and lymph
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